Resources
https://www.cdc.gov/han/2024/han00506.html
https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/mbio.02090-20?download=true
Overview
The document is a research article discussing the role of H1 hemagglutinin priming in providing long-lasting heterosubtypic immunity against H5N1 challenge in the mouse model.
Key points
Study Focus: The research investigates the role of H1 hemagglutinin (HA) priming in providing long-lasting heterosubtypic immunity against H5N1 influenza in mice.
Hypothesis: Initial exposure to H1N1 influenza virus imprints the immune system, potentially offering protection against H5N1 through HA stalk-specific antibodies.
Methodology:
Mice were primed with influenza B viruses expressing H1 HA (B-H1), H3 HA (B-H3), or wild-type influenza B virus.
Mice were challenged with H5N1 virus at different time points (90, 180, 270, and 360 days post-priming).
Weight loss and survival were monitored, and antibody responses were measured before and after H5N1 challenge.
Findings:
B-H1-primed mice showed better protection against H5N1 compared to control groups.
Anti-stalk H5 cross-reactive antibodies were present in B-H1-primed mice and were boosted by H5N1 infection.
The protective immune response induced by B-H1 priming lasted at least up to one year.
Mechanism: The study supports that HA stalk-specific antibodies, which are highly conserved among group 1 influenza viruses, play a crucial role in the observed protection.
Importance: The research provides mechanistic support for the hypothesis that early-life exposure to H1N1 can protect against H5N1 infections in humans.
Implications: Understanding HA-specific immunity can inform the development of vaccines with broader protection, potentially leading to universal influenza vaccines.
Future Directions: Further studies could explore the role of T cells in the enhanced protection seen in B-H1-primed mice and assess the impact of multiple infections and vaccinations on immune imprinting.
Hemmaglutinin is a p-glycoprotein (PGP). Hemagglutinin is a glycoprotein found on the surface of certain viruses, such as the influenza virus. It plays a crucial role in the initial stages of viral infection by binding to host cell receptors12345.
Nattokinase, found in natto extract, has been shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection by degrading the S glyco protein1234.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9458005/
Additionally, nattokinase may also degrade other proteins, such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which can reduce drug bioavailability. Nattokinase is an enzyme isolated from Natto – a fermented soybean food.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24295672/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18570158/
Many drugs inhibit P-gp, typically incidentally rather than as their main mechanism of action; some foods do as well.[6] Any such substance can sometimes be called a P-gp inhibitor.
https://www.bing.com/search?q=p+glycoproteins&form=APIPH1&PC=APPL
Possible Solution to prevent H5N1 infection:
H5N1 virus is affecting Chickens, Ducks which is creating an egg shortage and high prices . Eggs provide a major animal protein -food source for many families. Since soybeans provide a major plant protein source , and Natto and Nattokinase are made from soybeans, we may want to supplement egg protein shortage by eating more soybeans and soybean products- which also might help prevent /mitigate H5N1 infection in humans.
Effective Thinking 